Soil genesis and evolution studies are based on well understanding of geochemical processes involved in pedogenic processes and formation of soil. In this study, physicochemical and geochemical properties of 6 selected soil profiles developed on basalt rocks along arid (Eshtehard), semiarid (Qazvin) and semi humid (Roodbar) climosequence representing three different climatic zones were investigated. The total content of some elements of all soil horizons were compared to parent rocks to reveal the role geochemical composition of rock on total concentrations of these elements in soil. Enrichment/depletion patterns and mass-balance calculations of elements were assessed using Ti as reference element. The studied elements exhibited different enrichment/depletion patterns. In soils of arid region, the role of parent material and lithogenic properties in concentration of elements were greater than other areas and the content of these elements due to lower weathering and leaching were closer to the parent rock. While, in more humid climates pedogenic processes were more intensive and enrichment/depletion patterns of elements showed states that are more progressive. Distribution of some studied elements such as magnesium, calcium, iron and copper were significantly affected by soil forming process and the parent material affected some other elements such as sodium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, manganese, molybdenum, cadmium and lead. In general, part of the difference in the concentrations of elements can be related to their chemical nature and the mobility of some elements, and some part to rapid weathering of parent materials affected by bioclimatological changes.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

The Javaherdasht gabbros cropped out in the northern part of the Alborz Mountains in east of Guilan Province. According to geochemical, petrographical and field studies, they are divided into two types of gabbros including non-layered and layered gabbros, and layered gabbros. Regarding the mineralogy, the first group gabbros include plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine and biotite as primary phases accompanying magnetite and titanomagnetite. The second groups of layered gabbros unlike the first group gabbros have no primary biotite and titanomagnetite. From the geochemical view of point, the first group have high contents of alkali oxides (Na2O+K2O), TiO2 and Fe2O3 total in comparision to the second-group gabbros. Compared with the first group gabbros, the second group layered gabbros have high contents of Mg# and compatible elements (Ni, Cr and Co). Our studies show that the first group gabbros have a clear elemental equilibrium with lower crust rocks and have been contaminated with them. Geochemical studies of major and trace elements show that they originated from the parental magma of the first group gabbros from a MORB mantle source with spinel facies. The second group gabbros show sign of relation to the melting which is originated from MORB mantle source with garnet facies. Studing the propotions of incompatible elements and patterns of incompatible elements of Javaherdasht basalts show that the first group gabbros are related to the Javaherdasht basalts and have similar petrogenetic relationships and similar geodynamic setting.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical analysis was performed on 481 data. To collect the data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the analysis of multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the "How I Think" questionnaire to assess cognitive distortions in Iranian students. The present research design is descriptive and psychometric studies. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in city Dezful in the academic year 1399-1400, from which 316 students were selected by multi-stage random sampling and completed the How I think and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaires (for Convergent validity). Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS 20 software. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six factors and has good fit indices. The convergent validity of this questionnaire indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the scale "How I think" with the Aggression Questionnaire (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha and Split- half coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.66 to 0.92.The conclusion is that the Persian version of the "How do I think" questionnaire for measuring cognitive distortions in Iranian students has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in research, educational and clinical situations.

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial temperature conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal temperature of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three temperature conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens increase with increasing initial temperature in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial temperature. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete increases with increasing initial temperature.

Introduction The rare earth elements (REEs) are classifi ed into light (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm), medium (Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Y), and heavy (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) groups (Seredin and Dai, 2012). Goldschmidt (1933) was the first to study the REEs in coal in some detail. In recent years, REEs in coal have received much more attention owing to their stable geochemical characteristics and potential economic value (Seredin, 1996; Seredin and Dai, 2012; Rantitsch et al., 2003; Fu et. al., 2010). Coal deposits have since become an important alternative source for REEs (Seredin and Dai, 2012; Hower et al., 2016), However, unusual REE anomalies in coal basins have not attracted special attention, because it seems that there are suffi cient resources of these metals in conventional deposits (e. g., carbonatites, alkaline granites, and weathering crusts) ( Seredin and Dai, 2012). The aim of this study is to assess REE content in the South Kouchek-Ali coal mine, located in the Central Iran Coal Basin, about 65 km southwest of the city of Tabas. Materials and methods Samples were collected from the South Kouchek-Ali coal mine that includes 3 coal samples, five coaly shales. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for major elements. REEs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results The concentration of rare earth elements of the South Kouchek-Ali coal mine may have resulted in background rare earth elements in the primary mineral matter. The concentration of rare earth elements of south kouchek-Ali coal mine has been determined, and the range of these elements in representive studied samples is compared with the worldwide, Chinese and USA coals. Rare earth elements show positive correlation with major elements, indicating that these elements are mainly associated with clay mineral. Positive correlations of ∑ REEs with Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 suggest that the REEs are mainly derived from detrital sources and occur dominantly in kaolinite and illite. The concentrations of ∑ REEs in representative samples range from 69. 54 to 113. 06 ppm with an average value of 127. 94 ppm, higher than the average ∑ REE content of the USA (53. 59 ppm) (Finkelman, 1993) and worldwide coals (68ppm) (Yudovich and Ketris, 2006), but lower than that of average Chinese coals (162. 51 ppm) (Dai et. al., 2008). The abundance of light rare earth elements is higher relative to heavy rare earth elements. Light rare earth elements may have resulted in high background LREEs in primary mineral matter. Discussion The South Kouchek-Ali coal mine occurs in the Middle Jurassic Hojedk Formation, and is located in the western part of the Tabas coalfield. The Hojedk Formation mainly consists of shale, sandstone and carbonate rocks. The concentration of rare earth elements of the South Kouchek-Ali coal mine has been determined, and the range of these elements in coal samples studied is compared with the worldwide types of coal. The Ozbak-Kuh granites have been identified at the north of the Tabas Coal Basin, and Narigan, Zarigan, Chadormalou, and Saghand granites have been identified in the west of the Tabas Basin. During the accumulation of coal-bearing formations, the supply of terrigenous materials originated from here (Pazand, 2015). Acknowledgement We appreciate the help of Mr. Rafia, the director of Tabas Coal mining company, plus Mr. Zahedi and Mr. Gholami for taking samples.

Exploring the homogenous regions for site specific management is important, especially in the areas under different anthropogenic activities. This was investigated using multi-way analysis including Factor Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and k means in the areas under long-term wastewater irrigation over a period of more than 40 years, in Shahre Rey, south of Tehran. By using Factor Analysis model, eight factors as eight geochemical groups were extracted to explain approximately 60% of the total variance related to 37 soil physicochemical properties. The most important groups included the nutrient elements (OM, OC and N), micronutrients (Mn and B), soil water adsorption capacity (Clay, Silt, Sand and CEC), salinity and osmotic pressure (EC, OP and TDS) and sodification (SAR and Na). The maximum values of Cophenet and Silhouette coefficients were equal to 0. 77 and 0. 83, respectively, dictating the selection of the average linkage approach in Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and three clusters in the kaverage method with 19, 24 and 34 mapping units. The Thiessen Polygons method in GIS was applied to separate the geochemical groups in the form of mapping units. This output, which was, in fact, the combination of multi-way models and its visual representation in GIS under separated mapping units of study area, could present suitable management activities for the areas under each cluster.

The transfer of chemical elements/compounds within the soil–plant chain is a part of the biochemical cycling, and this system is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors which determine the final mobility and availability of chemical variables. Heavy metal contamination and low pH are stress factors that lead to changes in the contents of important foliage compounds, which can be used as non-specific indicators of plant stress. In this study, Norway spruce forests in the Sokolov region, being a part of the “Black Triangle,” were selected to assess geochemical and biochemical interactions in the natural soil/plant system. The authors studied the relationship between soil and spruce needle contents of macronutrients and potentially toxic elements and tested whether the soil parameters and their vertical distribution within a soil profile (two organic and two mineral horizons) affect foliage biochemical parameters (contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds and lignin). Factor analysis was used to identify underlying variables that explained the pattern of correlations within and between the biochemical and geochemical datasets. Aluminum (Al) and arsenic (As) were identified as toxic elements with high bio-availability for spruce trees, and both were taken up by trees and translocated to the foliage. The correlations between two toxic element contents in needles (Al and As) and the contents of soluble phenolic compounds and total carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio suggest that these latter two biochemical parameters, which both proved to be sensitive to the soil geochemical conditions, can serve as suitable non-specific stress markers.